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Pierre Henri Leroux (April 7, 1797 – April 12, 1871), French philosopher, freemason〔Elle enseignait la République: la franc-maçonnerie, laboratoire pédagogique des valeurs républicaines de 1871 à 1906, Bernard Gillard, Alain de Keghel Dervy, 2005〕 and political economist, was born at Bercy, now a part of Paris, the son of an artisan. == Life == His education was interrupted by the death of his father, which compelled him to support his mother and family. Having worked first as a mason and then as a compositor, he joined P. Dubois in the foundation of ''Le Globe'' which became in 1831 the official organ of the Saint-Simonian community, of which he became a prominent member. In November of the same year, when Prosper Enfantin became leader of the Saint-Simonians and preached the enfranchisement of women and the functions of the ''couple-prétre'', Leroux separated himself from the sect. In 1834 he published an essay entitled "Individualism and Socialism" which, despite its message of scepticism towards both tendencies, introduced the term socialism in French political discourse. In 1838, with Jean Reynaud, who had seceded with him, he founded the ''Encyclopédie nouvelle'' (eds. 1838-1841). Amongst the articles which he inserted in it were ''De l'egalité'' and ''Refutation de l'éclectisme'', which afterwards appeared as separate works. In 1840 he published his treatise ''De l'humanité'' (2nd ed. 1845), which contains the fullest exposition of his system, and was regarded as the philosophical manifesto of the Humanitarians. In 1841 he established the ''Revue indépendante'', with the aid of George Sand, over whom he had great influence. Her ''Spiridion'', which was dedicated to him, ''Sept cordes de la lyre'', ''Consuelo'', and ''La Comtesse de Rudolstadt'', were written under the Humanitarian inspiration. Leroux also became embroiled in the philosophical controversy between F.W.J. Schelling and the Young Hegelians in the early 1840s. A favourable comment about Schelling prompted a public reply from Hegel's disciple Karl Rosenkranz.〔Rosenkranz, K., ''Über Schelling und Hegel. Ein Sendschreiben an Pierre Leroux.'' Königsberg, 1843. An online version of the German text of Rosenkranz' piece can be found at: https://archive.org/details/ueberschellingu00rosegoog. Karl Marx, in an 1843 letter to Ludwig Feuerbach, attempted to gain the latter's co-operation with the ''Franco-German Annals'' and proposed that Feuerbach write a critique of Schelling. Marx wrote: "How cunningly Herr von Schelling enticed the French, first of all the weak, eclectic Cousin, then even the gifted Leroux. For Pierre Leroux and his like still regard Schelling as the man who replaced transcendental idealism by rational realism, abstract thought by thought with flesh and blood, specialised philosophy by world philosophy! To the French romantics and mystics he cries: "I, the union of philosophy and theology," to the French materialists: "I, the union of flesh and idea," to the French sceptics: "I, the destroyer of dogmatism," in a word, "I ... Schelling!" Cp. Marx to Feuerbach, October 3, 1843. Marx/Engels ''Collected Works'', Vol. 27, Moscow, 1962. Online at: http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/df-jahrbucher/feuer.htm.〕 Leroux continued to take an interest in German philosophy and literature; he also translated and commented on some writings by Goethe. In 1843 he established at Boussac (Creuse) a printing association organized according to his systematic ideas, and founded the ''Revue sociale''. In 1848 he joined the Freemasons. At the outbreak of the Revolution of 1848 Leroux proclaimed the republic in the town of Boussac, becoming its mayor on February 25. Subsequently he was elected to the Constituent Assembly, and in 1849 to the Legislative Assembly, where he sat with the radical socialist deputies and often spoke, though his speeches were criticised as abstract and mystical. He also published numerous writings, including ''La Plutocratie'' (1848), another term he seems to have coined. An opponent of Louis Bonaparte, Leroux went into exile after the ''coup d'état'' of 1851 he settled with his family in Jersey, where he pursued agricultural experiments and wrote his socialist poem ''La Grève de Samarez''. On the definitive amnesty of 1869 he returned to Paris. He supported the Paris Commune but died before its suppression. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pierre Leroux」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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